Form Factor: Right Hand Ergonomic - Sensor: Avago ADNS-9800 Laser Sensor - Programmable Button: 8 - Onboard Memory: 128KB - Polling Rate: 1000 Hz /1 ms - Velocity: Up to 150 ips - Acceleration: 30 g - Dimensions: 83.6(L)x135(W)x40(H) mm, 3.3(L)x5.3(W)x1.6(H) inch - Weight: 139 g / 0.31 lbs It is highly recommended to always use the most recent driver version available. Do not forget to check with our site as often as possible in order to stay updated on the latest drivers, software and games. Try to set a system restore point before installing a device driver. This will help if you installed a wrong driver. Problems can arise when your hardware device is too old or not supported any longer.

→ Voyager 2 is a launched by on August 20, 1977, to study the. Part of the, it was launched 16 days before its twin,, on a trajectory that took longer to reach and but enabled further encounters with and. It is the only spacecraft to have visited either of the. Its primary mission ended with the on October 2, 1989, after having visited the in 1986, the in 1981, and the in 1979. Voyager 2 is now in its extended mission to study the outer reaches of the Solar System and has been operating for 40 years, 3 months and 28 days as of December 18, 2017. It remains in contact through the.

Advance Readiness. “The component of Disaster Recovery that deals specifically with the restoration of business system software and data. Violent winter storm.

At a distance of 116 AU (1.74 ×10 10 km) from the Sun as of November 22, 2017, Voyager 2 is the to achieve the that will allow them to. The probe was moving at a velocity of 15.4 km/s (55,000 km/h) relative to the Sun as of December 2014 and is traveling through the. Upon reaching, Voyager 2 is expected to provide the first direct measurements of the density and temperature of the interstellar plasma. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Mission History [ ] History [ ] In the early 1960s, it was realized that a coincidental alignment of the outer planets would occur in the late 1970s and enable a single probe to visit,,, and by taking advantage of the then-new technique of. Began work on a, which evolved into a massive project involving two groups of two probes each, with one group visiting Jupiter, Saturn, and Pluto and the other Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune. The spacecraft would be designed with redundant systems to ensure survival through the entire tour.

By 1972 the mission was scaled back and replaced with two Mariner-derived spacecraft, the Mariner Jupiter-Saturn probes. To keep apparent lifetime program costs low, the mission would include only flybys of Jupiter and Saturn, but keep the Grand Tour option open.: 263 As the program progressed, the name was changed to Voyager. The primary mission of Voyager 1 was to explore Jupiter, Saturn, and Saturn's moon,. Voyager 2 was also to explore Jupiter and Saturn, but on a trajectory that would have option of continuing on to Uranus and Neptune, or being redirected to Titan as a backup for Voyager 1. Upon successful completion of Voyager 1's objectives, Voyager 2 would get a mission extension to send the probe on towards Uranus and Neptune. Spacecraft design [ ] Constructed by the (JPL), Voyager 2 included 16 thrusters,, and celestial referencing instruments (Sun sensor/ Star Tracker) to maintain pointing of the toward Earth. Collectively these instruments are part of the Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem ( AACS) along with redundant units of most instruments and 8 backup thrusters.

The spacecraft also included 11 scientific instruments to study celestial objects as it traveled through space. Communications [ ] Built with the intent for eventual interstellar travel, Voyager 2 included a large, 3.7 m (12 ft) parabolic, ( ) to transceive data via the on. Communications are conducted over the (about 13 cm wavelength) and (about 3.6 cm wavelength) providing data rates as high as 115.2 kilobits per second at the distance of Jupiter, and then ever-decreasing as the distance increased, because of the.

When the spacecraft is unable to communicate with Earth, the Digital Tape Recorder ( DTR) can record about 64 kilobytes of data for transmission at another time. Power [ ] The spacecraft was built with 3 ( MHW RTG). Each RTG includes 24 pressed plutonium oxide spheres and provides enough heat to generate approximately 157 watts of power at launch. Collectively, the RTGs supply the spacecraft with 470 watts at launch and will allow operations to continue until at least 2020. • Principal investigator: Bradford Smith / University of Arizona () • Data:, Radio Science System ( disabled) ( RSS) Utilized the telecommunications system of the Voyager spacecraft to determine the physical properties of planets and satellites (ionospheres, atmospheres, masses, gravity fields, densities) and the amount and size distribution of material in Saturn's rings and the ring dimensions. • Principal investigator: G. Tyler / Stanford University • Data:, ( ), Infrared ( disabled) ( IRIS) Investigates both global and local energy balance and atmospheric composition.

Vertical temperature profiles are also obtained from the planets and satellites as well as the composition, thermal properties, and size of particles in. • Principal investigator: Rudolf Hanel / NASA Goddard Space Flight Center () • Data:, (, ) Ultraviolet ( disabled) ( UVS) Designed to measure atmospheric properties, and to measure radiation. • Principal investigator: A. Broadfoot / University of Southern California () • Data: Triaxial Fluxgate ( active) ( MAG) Designed to investigate the magnetic fields of Jupiter and Saturn, the solar-wind interaction with the magnetospheres of these planets, and the interplanetary magnetic field out to the solar wind boundary with the interstellar magnetic field and beyond, if crossed. • Principal investigator: Norman Ness / NASA Goddard Space Flight Center () • Data:, ( active) ( PLS) Investigates the macroscopic properties of the plasma ions and measures electrons in the energy range from 5 eV to 1 keV.

• Principal investigator: John Richardson / MIT () • Data:, Low Energy Instrument ( active) ( LECP) Measures the differential in energy fluxes and angular distributions of ions, electrons and the differential in energy ion composition. • Principal investigator: Stamatios Krimigis / JHU/APL / University of Maryland ( / / ) • Data:,, ( active) ( CRS) Determines the origin and acceleration process, life history, and dynamic contribution of interstellar cosmic rays, the nucleosynthesis of elements in cosmic-ray sources, the behavior of cosmic rays in the interplanetary medium, and the trapped planetary energetic-particle environment. • Principal investigator: Edward Stone / Caltech / NASA Goddard Space Flight Center () • Data: Planetary Investigation ( disabled) ( PRA) Utilizes a sweep-frequency radio receiver to study the radio-emission signals from Jupiter and Saturn., the Album made from Voyager's PRA Instrument Recordings • Principal investigator: James Warwick / University of Colorado • Data: System ( disabled) ( PPS) Utilized a telescope with a to gather information on surface texture and composition of Jupiter and Saturn and information on atmospheric scattering properties and density for both planets. • Principal investigator: Arthur Lane / JPL () • Data: Wave System ( partially disabled) ( PWS) Provides continuous, sheath-independent measurements of the electron-density profiles at Jupiter and Saturn as well as basic information on local wave-particle interaction, useful in studying the magnetospheres. • Principal investigator: Donald Gurnett / University of Iowa () • Data: For more details on the Voyager space probes' identical instrument packages, see the separate article on the overall. Images of the spacecraft.

Media related to at Wikimedia Commons Mission profile [ ] Voyager 2's trajectory from the earth, following the ecliptic through 1989 at Neptune and now heading south into the constellation Timeline of travel Date Event 1977-08-20 Spacecraft launched at 14:29:00 UTC. 1977-12-10 Entered. 1977-12-19 overtakes Voyager 2.

( ) 1978-06 Primary radio receiver fails. Remainder of mission flown using backup.

1978-10-21 Exited asteroid belt 1979-04-25 Start Jupiter observation phase Time Event 1979-07-08 Encounter with. 0 012:21 flyby at 214,930 km.

1979-07-09 0 007:14 flyby at 62,130 km. 0 017:53 flyby at 205,720 km. 0 020:01 flyby at 558,370 km. 0 022:29 closest approach at 721,670 km from the center of mass.

0 023:17 flyby at 1,129,900 km. 1979-08-05 Phase Stop 1981-06-05 Start Saturn observation phase. Time Event 1981-08-22 Encounter with. 0 001:26:57 flyby at 908,680 km. 1981-08-25 0 001:25:26 flyby at 431,370 km. 0 009:37:46 flyby at 666,190 km. 0 022:57:33 flyby at 314,090 km.

1981-08-26 0 001:04:32 flyby at 502,310 km. 0 002:22:17 flyby at 151,590 km. 0 002:24:26 flyby at 309,930 km.

0 003:19:18 flyby at 107,000 km. 0 003:24:05 closest approach at 161,000 km from the center of mass. 0 003:33:02 287,000 km. 0 003:45:16 flyby at 87,010 km. 0 003:50:04 at 223,000 km.

0 004:05:56 at 147,000 km. 0 006:02:47 at 270,000 km. 0 006:12:30 flyby at 93,010 km. 0 006:28:48 flyby at 645,260 km. 1981-09-04 0 001:22:34 flyby at 2,075,640 km. 1981-09-25 Phase Stop 1985-11-04 Start Uranus observation phase. Time Event 1986-01-24 Encounter with.

0 016:50 flyby at 29,000 km. 0 017:25 flyby at 127,000 km. 0 017:25 flyby at 325,000 km. 0 017:25 flyby at 365,200 km. 0 017:25 flyby at 470,600 km. 0 017:59:47 closest approach at 107,000 km from the center of mass.

1986-02-25 Phase Stop 1987-08-20 10 years of continuous flight and operation at 14:29:00 UTC. 1989-06-05 Start Neptune observation phase. Time Event 1989-08-25 Encounter with. 0 003:56:36 closest approach at 4,950 km. 0 004:51 flyby at 60,180 km. 0 005:29 flyby at 97,860 km. 0 009:23 flyby at 39,800 km.

1989-10-02 Phase Stop 1989-10-02 Begin Voyager Interstellar Mission. Interstellar phase 1990-02-14 Final images of the acquired by to create the. 1997-08-20 20 years of continuous flight and operation at 14:29:00 UTC. 1998-11-13 Terminate scan platform and UV observations. 2007-08-20 30 years of continuous flight and operation at 14:29:00 UTC.

2007-09-06 Terminate data tape recorder operations. 2008-02-22 Terminate planetary radio astronomy experiment operations. 2011-11-07 Switch to backup thrusters to conserve power 2017-08-20 40 years of continuous flight and operation at 14:29:00 UTC.

Main article: Voyager 2 's closest approach to Jupiter occurred on July 9, 1979. It came within 570,000 km (350,000 mi) of the planet's cloud tops. It discovered a few, as well as volcanic activity on the moon. The was revealed as a complex storm moving in a counterclockwise direction.

An array of other smaller storms and eddies were found throughout the banded clouds. Discovery of active volcanism on Io was easily the greatest unexpected discovery at Jupiter. It was the first time active volcanoes had been seen on another body in the Solar System. Together, the Voyagers observed the eruption of nine volcanoes on Io, and there is evidence that other eruptions occurred between the two Voyager fly-bys. The moon displayed a large number of intersecting linear features in the low-resolution photos from Voyager 1. At first, scientists believed the features might be deep cracks, caused by crustal rifting or tectonic processes. The closer high-resolution photos from Voyager 2, however, left scientists puzzled: The features were so lacking in topographic relief that as one scientist described them, they 'might have been painted on with a felt marker.'

Europa is internally active due to tidal heating at a level about one-tenth that of Io. Europa is thought to have a thin crust (less than 30 km (19 mi) thick) of water ice, possibly floating on a 50-kilometer-deep (30 mile) ocean.

Two new, small satellites, and, were found orbiting just outside the ring. A third new satellite,, was discovered between the orbits of and Io. Main article: The closest approach to Saturn occurred on August 26, 1981. While passing behind Saturn (as viewed from Earth), Voyager 2 probed Saturn's upper atmosphere with its radio link to gather information on atmospheric temperature and density profiles. Voyager 2 found that at the uppermost pressure levels (seven of pressure), Saturn's temperature was 70 (−203 °C), while at the deepest levels measured (120 kilopascals) the temperature increased to 143 K (−130 °C). The north pole was found to be 10 kelvins cooler, although this may be seasonal ( see also ).

After the fly-by of Saturn, the camera platform of Voyager 2 locked up briefly, putting plans to officially extend the mission to Uranus and Neptune in jeopardy. The mission's engineers were able to fix the problem (caused by an overuse that temporarily depleted its lubricant), and the Voyager 2 probe was given the go-ahead to explore the Uranian system. Main article: The closest approach to Uranus occurred on January 24, 1986, when Voyager 2 came within 81,500 kilometers (50,600 mi) of the planet's cloud tops. Voyager 2 also discovered the moons,,,,,,,,, and; studied the planet's unique atmosphere, caused by its of 97.8°; and examined the. Is the third largest (Neptune has a larger mass, but a smaller volume) planet in the Solar System. It orbits the Sun at a distance of about 2.8 billion kilometers (1.7 billion miles), and it completes one orbit every 84 Earth years.

Card Reader And Writer Software on this page. The length of a day on Uranus as measured by Voyager 2 is 17 hours, 14 minutes. Uranus is unique among the planets in that its axial tilt is about 90°, meaning that its axis is roughly parallel with, not perpendicular to, the.

This extremely large tilt of its axis is thought to be the result of a collision between the accumulating planet Uranus with another planet-sized body early in the history of the Solar System. Given the unusual orientation of its axis, with the polar regions of Uranus exposed for periods of many years to either continuous sunlight or darkness, planetary scientists were not at all sure what to expect when observing Uranus. Voyager 2 found that one of the most striking effects of the sideways orientation of Uranus is the effect on the tail of the planetary magnetic field.

This is itself tilted about 60° from the Uranian axis of rotation. The planet's magneto tail was shown to be twisted by the rotation of Uranus into a long corkscrew shape following the planet. The presence of a significant magnetic field for Uranus was not at all known until Voyager 2 's arrival. The radiation belts of Uranus were found to be of an intensity similar to those of Saturn. The intensity of radiation within the Uranian belts is such that irradiation would 'quickly' darken — within 100,000 years — any methane that is trapped in the icy surfaces of the inner moons and ring particles. This kind of darkening might have contributed to the darkened surfaces of the moons and the ring particles, which are almost uniformly dark gray in color.

A high layer of haze was detected around the sunlit pole of Uranus. This area was also found to radiate large amounts of ultraviolet light, a phenomenon that is called 'dayglow.' The average atmospheric temperature is about 60 K (−350°/−213°). Surprisingly, the illuminated and dark poles, and most of the planet, exhibit nearly the same temperatures at the cloud tops. The Uranian moon, the innermost of the five large moons, was discovered to be one of the strangest bodies yet seen in the Solar System. Detailed images from Voyager 2 's flyby of Miranda showed huge canyons made from as deep as 20 kilometers (12 mi), terraced layers, and a mixture of old and young surfaces.

One suggests that Miranda might consist of a reaggregation of material following an earlier event when Miranda was shattered into pieces by a violent impact. All nine of the previously known Uranian rings were studied by the instruments of Voyager 2. These measurements showed that the Uranian rings are distinctly different from those at Jupiter and Saturn. The Uranian ring system might be relatively young, and it did not form at the same time that Uranus did.

The particles that make up the rings might be the remnants of a moon that was broken up by either a high-velocity impact. Main article: Following a mid-course correction in 1987, Voyager 2 's closest approach to Neptune occurred on August 25, 1989. Because this was the last planet of the Solar System that Voyager 2 could visit, the Chief Project Scientist, his staff members, and the flight controllers decided to also perform a close fly-by of, the larger of Neptune's two originally known moons, so as to gather as much information on Neptune and Triton as possible, regardless of Voyager 2's departure angle from the planet. This was just like the case of Voyager 1's encounters with Saturn and its massive moon. Through repeated computerized test simulations of trajectories through the Neptunian system conducted in advance, flight controllers determined the best way to route Voyager 2 through the Neptune-Triton system.

Since the plane of the orbit of Triton is tilted significantly with respect to the plane of the ecliptic, through mid-course corrections, Voyager 2 was directed into a path about three thousand miles above the north pole of Neptune. At that time, Triton was behind and below (south of) Neptune (at an angle of about 25 degrees below the ecliptic), close to the of its elliptical orbit.

The gravitational pull of Neptune bent the trajectory of Voyager 2 down in the direction of Triton. In less than 24 hours, Voyager 2 traversed the distance between Neptune and Triton, and then observed Triton's northern hemisphere as it passed over its north pole.

The net and final effect on Voyager 2 was to bend its trajectory south below the plane of the ecliptic by about 30 degrees. Voyager 2 is on this path permanently, and hence, it is exploring space south of the plane of the ecliptic, measuring magnetic fields, charged particles, etc., there, and sending the measurements back to the Earth via.

While in the neighborhood of Neptune, Voyager 2 discovered the ', which has since disappeared, according to observations by the. Originally thought to be a large cloud itself, the 'Great Dark Spot' was later hypothesized to be a hole in the visible cloud deck of Neptune.

With the decision of the to reclassify as a ' in 2006, the flyby of Neptune by Voyager 2 in 1989 became the point when every known planet in the Solar System had been visited at least once by a space probe. Map showing location and trajectories of the,,, and Voyager 2 spacecraft, as of April 4, 2007. On November 29, 2006, a telemetered command to Voyager 2 was incorrectly decoded by its on-board computer—in a random error—as a command to turn on the electrical heaters of the spacecraft's magnetometer. These heaters remained turned on until December 4, 2006, and during that time, there was a resulting high temperature above 130 °C (266 °F), significantly higher than the magnetometers were designed to endure, and a sensor rotated away from the correct orientation.

As of this date it had not been possible to fully diagnose and correct for the damage caused to Voyager 2's magnetometer, although efforts to do so were proceeding. On August 30, 2007, Voyager 2 passed the and then entered into the, approximately 1 billion miles (1.6 billion km) closer to the Sun than Voyager 1 did. This is due to the of deep space. The southern hemisphere of the Solar System's heliosphere is being pushed in. On April 22, 2010, Voyager 2 encountered scientific data format problems. On May 17, 2010, JPL engineers revealed that a flipped bit in an on-board computer had caused the issue, and scheduled a bit reset for May 19.

On May 23, 2010, Voyager 2 resumed sending science data from deep space after engineers fixed the flipped bit. Currently research is being made into marking the area of memory with the flipped bit off limits or disallowing its use.

The Low-Energy Charged Particle Instrument is currently operational, and data from this instrument concerning is being transmitted to Earth. This data permits measurements of the and. There has also been a modification to the on-board flight software to delay turning off the AP Branch 2 backup heater for one year. It was scheduled to go off February 2, 2011 (DOY 033, 2011–033). Simulated view of the position of Voyager 2 as of February 8, 2012 showing spacecraft trajectory since launch On July 25, 2012, Voyager 2 was traveling at 15.447 km/s relative to the at about 99.13 astronomical units (1.4830 ×10 10 km) from the Sun, at −55.29° and 19.888 h, and also at an ecliptic latitude of −34.0 degrees, placing it in the constellation as observed from Earth. This location places it deep in the, and traveling outward at roughly 3.264 AU per year.

It is more than twice as far from the Sun as, and far beyond the of, but not yet beyond the outer limits of the orbit of the. On September 9, 2012, Voyager 2 was 99.077 AU (1.48217 ×10 10 km; 9.2098 ×10 9 mi) from the Earth and 99.504 AU (1.48856 ×10 10 km; 9.2495 ×10 9 mi) from the Sun; and traveling at 15.436 km/s (34,530 mph) (relative to the Sun) and traveling outward at about 3.256 AU per year. Transaction Pro Importer Torrent on this page. Sunlight takes 13.73 hours to get to Voyager 2.

The brightness of the Sun from the spacecraft is magnitude -16.7. Voyager 2 is heading in the direction of the constellation. (To compare,, the closest star to the Sun, is about 4.2 (or 357355000♠2.65 ×10 5 AU) distant.

Voyager 2's current relative velocity to the Sun is 15.436 km/s (55,570 km/h; 34,530 mph). This calculates as 3.254 AU per year, about 10% slower than Voyager 1. At this velocity, 81,438 years would pass before Voyager 2 reaches the nearest star,, were the spacecraft traveling in the direction of that star.

( Voyager 2 will need about 19,390 years at its current velocity to travel a complete light year) On November 7, 2012, Voyager 2 reached 100 AU from the sun, making it the third human-made object to reach 100 AU. Voyager 1 was 122 AU from the Sun, and Pioneer 10 is presumed to be at 107 AU. While Pioneer has ceased communications, both the Voyager spacecraft are performing well and are still communicating.

The current position of Voyagers as of early 2013. Note the vast distances condensed into an exponential scale: Earth is 1 astronomical unit (AU) from the Sun; Saturn is at 9 AU, and the heliopause is at more than 100 AU.

Neptune is 30.1 AU from the Sun; thus the edge of interstellar space is more than three times as far from the Sun as the last planet. In 2013 Voyager 1 was escaping the solar system at a speed of about 3.6 AU per year, while Voyager 2 was only escaping at 3.3 AU per year. (Each year Voyager 1 increases its lead over Voyager 2) By November 22, 2017, Voyager 2 was at a distance of 116 AU (1.74 ×10 10 km) from the Sun.

There is a variation in distance from Earth caused by the Earth's revolution around the Sun relative to Voyager 2. Future of the probe [ ] It was originally thought that Voyager 2 would enter interstellar space in early 2016, with its plasma spectrometer providing the first direct measurements of the density and temperature of the interstellar plasma. However, the spacecraft may instead reach interstellar space sometime in either late 2019 or early 2020, when it will reach a similar distance from the Sun as Voyager 1 did when it crossed into interstellar space back in 2012.

Voyager 2 is not headed toward any particular star, although in roughly 40,000 years it should pass 1.7 light-years from the star. And if undisturbed for, Voyager 2 should pass by the star at a distance of 4.3 light-years. Voyager 2 is expected to keep transmitting weak radio messages until at least 2025, over 48 years after it was launched.

Year End of specific capabilities as a result of the available electrical power limitations 1998 Termination of scan platform and UVS observations 2007 Termination of Digital Tape Recorder (DTR) operations (It was no longer needed due to a failure on the High Waveform Receiver on the Plasma Wave Subsystem (PWS) on June 30, 2002. ) 2008 Power off Planetary Radio Astronomy Experiment (PRA) 2016 approx Termination of operations 2020 approx Initiate instrument power sharing 2025 or slightly afterwards Can no longer power any single instrument Golden record [ ]. Main article: Each Voyager space probe carries a gold-plated audio-visual disc in the event that either spacecraft is ever found by intelligent life-forms from other planetary systems.

The discs carry photos of the Earth and its lifeforms, a range of scientific information, spoken greetings from the people (e.g. The Secretary-General of the United Nations and the President of the United States, and the children of the Planet Earth) and a medley, 'Sounds of Earth', that includes the sounds of whales, a baby crying, waves breaking on a shore, and a collection of music, including works by,, 's ', and other Eastern and Western classics and ethnic performers. (see also ) See also [ ]. Retrieved January 2, 2011. US National Space Science Data Center. Retrieved 25 August 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.

• ^ Butrica, Andrew.. Retrieved 2015-09-04. Despite the name change, Voyager remained in many ways the Grand Tour concept, though certainly not the Grand Tour (TOPS) spacecraft. Voyager 2 was launched on August 20, 1977, followed by Voyager 1 on September 5, 1977. The decision to reverse the order of launch had to do with keeping open the possibility of carrying out the Grand Tour mission to Uranus, Neptune, and beyond. Voyager 2, if boosted by the maximum performance from the Titan-Centaur, could just barely catch the old Grand Tour trajectory and encounter Uranus.

Two weeks later, Voyager 1 would leave on an easier and much faster trajectory, visiting Jupiter and Saturn only. Voyager 1 would arrive at Jupiter four months ahead of Voyager 2, then arrive at Saturn nine months earlier. Hence, the second spacecraft launched was Voyager 1, not Voyager 2. The two Voyagers would arrive at Saturn nine months apart, so that if Voyager 1 failed to achieve its Saturn objectives, for whatever reason, Voyager 2 still could be retargeted to achieve them, though at the expense of any subsequent Uranus or Neptune encounter. • NASA 2011-05-02 at the. • ^ Staff (September 9, 2012)... Retrieved September 9, 2012.

Science News. Retrieved 2013-09-17. • – California Institute of Technology. March 23, 2004. Retrieved April 8, 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2011.

Retrieved December 15, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2011. • Furlong, Richard R.; Wahlquist, Earl J. Nuclear News. 42 (4): 26–34. Retrieved January 2, 2011. • NASA/JPL (August 26, 2003)..

Retrieved January 17, 2011. • NASA/JPL (August 26, 2003).. Retrieved January 17, 2011.

• Muller, Daniel, 2010 • NASA, February 19, 1997 • NASA, JPL, PDS. • Sullivant, Rosemary (November 5, 2011).. Ukiah Daily Journal. 15 March 1987. Retrieved 6 December 2017.

Retrieved 3 March 2016. • Nardo 2002, p. 15 •. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2013-09-14.

• [ ] • • Retrieved December 12, 2007. • John Antczak (May 6, 2010).. Associated Press. Retrieved May 17, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2010. • Peat, Chris..

Heavens Above. Retrieved May 23, 2010. • ^ Peat, Chris (September 9, 2012)... Retrieved September 9, 2012. Science News. Retrieved 2013-09-17.

June 22, 2007. Retrieved August 14, 2013.

March 15, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2008. December 1, 2009. Retrieved December 2, 2009. • Ferris, Timothy (May 2012)...

Retrieved 15 June 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2013. Further reading [ ] •. Voyager Science Results at Saturn. Retrieved February 8, 2005. Voyager Science Results at Uranus.

Retrieved February 8, 2005. • Nardo, Don (2002). Thomson Gale.

• External links [ ] has media related to.